Resumo O estudo investiga a associação entre o contexto escolar e a ocorrência de múltiplos parceiros entre adolescentes, considerando as variáveis individuais. Estudo transversal com análise multinível, realizado no período de fevereiro a junho de 2018 com estudantes de 14 a 19 anos. A variável desfecho (múltiplos parceiros sexuais) foi coletada com base no questionário Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). As variáveis do contexto escolar foram tempo na escola (escola regular vs escola integral/semi-integral) e índice de vulnerabilidade social (IVS) do bairro onde a escola está localizada. De 2.500 participantes, 1.044 foram analisados por serem sexualmente ativos. A maioria dos adolescentes (63,89%) teve dois ou mais parceiros. Estudantes de escola regular (mínimo de 4h diárias) tiveram mais chances (OR 1.47, IC 1.10-1.97) de terem múltiplos parceiros sexuais quando comparados àqueles de escola integral/semi-integral (mínimo de 7h diárias). Porém, não houve associação em relação ao IVS dos bairros das escolas (OR 1.18, IC 0.82-1.70). Maior tempo na escola esteve associado a menor chance de múltiplos parceiros sexuais, enquanto estudar em escolas localizadas em bairro de alta vulnerabilidade não esteve associado à ocorrência de múltiplos parceiros sexuais entre adolescentes.

Abstract The objective was to investigate the association between the school context and the occurrence of multiple partners among adolescents, considering individual variables (age, gender, Bolsa Família, LGB, early sexual initiation and use of alcohol or drugs in the last sex). Cross-sectional study with multilevel analysis carried out in 2018 with adolescent students from Olinda, Brazil. The variable (multiple partners) was collected based on the ‘Youth Risk Behavior Survey’ questionnaire. School context variables were time in school (regular school vs. full/semi-full school) and the Social Vulnerability Index of the school district. Of 2,500 participants, 1,044 were analyzed for being sexually active and most had two or more partners (63.89%). Regular school students were more likely (OR 1.47, CI 1.10-1.97) to have multiple sexual partners compared to those in full-day schools/half-day schools. However, no association was found in relation to the SVI of the schools’ neighborhoods (OR 1.18, IC 0.82-1.70). More time spent at school was associated with fewer chances of multiple sexual partners, while studying in schools located in highly vulnerable neighborhoods was not associated with the occurrence of multiple sexual partners among adolescents.

Abstract Objective To verify the association between victims of bullying and weapon possession among school adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out with 2,296 high school students aged 14-19 years. An instrument containing questions from the validated Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire and the National School Health Survey was used. To describe the profile of interviewees, absolute and relative frequencies were calculated, and the chi-square test was applied to verify the existence of associations. To test the association of bullying with weapon possession, Poisson logistic regression (univariate and multivariate) was used. The significance level used for all analyses was 5%. Results Among adolescents interviewed, 23.1% reported being victims of bullying. Among victims of bullying, 37.6% (PR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.30 - 2.17) reported having already carried some type of weapon (knife, revolver, or truncheon) in the last 30 days, while the reported firearm possession was 38% (PR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.16 - 2.40) and 47.5% of these adolescents carried some type of weapon (knife, revolver or truncheon) in the school environment (PR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.50 - 2.93). Conclusions It could be observed that adolescents who are victims of bullying are twice as likely of carrying some type of weapon (knife, revolver, or truncheon) to the school environment, and are also more likely of carrying a firearm.

Abstract The study aimed to investigate the association between early sexual initiation and alcohol consumption in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional and school-based study that had as a scenario 22 public high schools, selected by random technique and stratified by conglomerates in two stages. The total sample consisted of 1154 students regularly enrolled in schools and selected classes, aged 13 to 18 years. The collection was carried out through the application of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, validated and translated into Brazilian Portuguese. The data were analyzed with the aid of the SPSS program version 20.0, adopting a level of significance of 5%. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the association between variables, and sex stratification was performed to test association with alcohol consumption patterns and the age of sexual debut. 47.7% of the sample was already sexually active, of which 24% had the first relationship with less than 15 years. Among the sociodemographic factors analyzed, only sex and religion reached significance. The stratified analysis showed a statistical association between early sexual initiation with the age of the first alcohol dose and the practice of binge in the last 30 days for both sexes. It is concluded that patterns of alcohol consumption can be important factors in the association with early sexual initiation for adolescents of both sexes, and it is necessary to implement public policies that protect this specific population.

Resumo O estudo teve por objetivo investigar associação entre a iniciação sexual precoce e o consumo do álcool em adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e de base escolar que teve por cenário 22 escolas públicas de ensino médio, selecionadas por meio de técnica aleatória e estratificadas por conglomerados em dois estágios. A amostra total foi composta por 1154 alunos regularmente matriculados nas escolas e nas classes selecionadas, com idade entre 13 a 18 anos. A coleta ocorreu por meio da aplicação do questionário Youth Risk Behavior Survey, validado e traduzido para o português do Brasil. Os dados foram analisados com auxílio do Programa SPSS versão 20.0, adotando nível de significância de 5%. Análise multivariada foi utilizada para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis, sendo realizado estratificação por sexo para testar associação com os padrões de consumo de álcool e a idade do início sexual. 47,7% da amostra já era sexualmente ativa, sendo que destes, 24% tiveram a primeira relação com menos de 15 anos. Dentre os fatores sociodemográficos analisados, apenas o sexo e a religião atingiram significância. A análise estratificada mostrou associação estatística entre iniciação sexual precoce com a idade da primeira dose de álcool e a prática de binge nos últimos 30 dias para ambos os sexos. Conclui-se que os padrões de consumo de álcool podem se configurar como fatores importantes na associação com o início sexual precoce para adolescentes de ambos os sexos, sendo necessária a implementação de políticas públicas que protejam essa população específica.

Abstract Psychological and relational spheres. In view of the various problems and challenges that arise in this phase of life, bullying is recognized as a form of power among peers, through physical and psychological aggressions, being a potentially stressful factor. Taking into account that the way of dealing with stress is individual, it is believed that bruxism is related to the influence of these emotional factors. The objective was to analyze the association between bullying and bruxism in adolescent high school students from the state network of Olinda, Pernambuco, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study whose sample consisted of 234 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years, both sexes and students from the state school system in Olinda. The National School Health Survey (PeNSE) questionnaire was used for data collection to assess bullying and Diagnostic Research Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder (RDC / TMD) for bruxism. The data were tabulated in Epidata 3.3 and analyzed in SPSS version 20. There was a statistically significant association of bruxism in adolescents who suffered bullying in a total of 44.3% (p = 0.030). Bruxism had a higher prevalence in adolescents aged 17 to 19 years old and female. Bullying affected the age group from 14 to 16 years old and there was no statistically significant difference between genders. Bruxism and bullying showed a statistically significant association showing that adolescents who are bullied are more likely to have bruxism.

Resumo A adolescência é tida como um período de mudanças nos âmbitos fisiológico, psíquico e relacional. Diante dos vários problemas e desafios que surgem nessa fase da vida, o bullying é reconhecido como forma de poder entre os pares, por meio de agressões tanto de cunho físico, como psicológico, sendo um fator potencialmente estressante. Levando em consideração que o modo de lidar com o estresse seja individual, acredita-se que o bruxismo esteja relacionado à influência desses fatores emocionais. O objetivo foi analisar a associação entre bullying e bruxismo em adolescentes escolares do ensino médio da rede estadual de Olinda, Pernambuco, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal cuja amostra foi composta por 234 adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos, ambos os sexos e estudantes da rede estadual de ensino de Olinda. Utilizou-se para coleta dos dados o questionário da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) para avaliação do bullying e Critérios Diagnósticos de Pesquisa em Disfunção Temporomandibular (RDC/TMD) para bruxismo. Os dados foram tabulados no Epidata 3.3 e analisados no SPSS versão 20. Observou-se uma associação estatisticamente significante de bruxismo nos adolescentes que sofreram bullying num total de 44,3% (p= 0,030), O bruxismo apresentou maior prevalência nos adolescentes de 17 a 19 anos e sexo feminino. O bullying acometeu a faixa etária de 14 a 16 anos e não apresentando diferença estatisticamente significante entre os sexos. Bruxismo e bullying apresentaram uma associação estatisticamente significante mostrando que os adolescentes que sofrerem bullying estão mais susceptíveis a apresentarem bruxismo.

Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo investigar quais os fatores associados à felicidade na adolescência. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura na base de dados Pubmed/MEDLINE, com os descritores: “Adolescent” AND “Happiness”. Foram incluídos artigos que abordassem os principais fatores associados à felicidade na adolescência e pesquisas cujo público-alvo apresentasse a faixa etária entre 10 e 19 anos. Os critérios de exclusão foram artigos que não abordaram o tema proposto e os estudos com populações específicas, como pacientes especiais ou grupos de risco. Resultados: Após seleção a partir dos critérios estabelecidos, 25 artigos foram incluídos ao final. Verificou-se que felicidade foi associada positivamente à dados sociodemográficos (sexo masculino, possuir religião e nível econômico elevado), condutas de saúde (tomar café da manhã, consumir frutas/verduras e praticar atividade física), autoimagem e percepção corporal positiva, autoeficácia, experiências escolares positivas e inteligência emocional. A felicidade teve correlação negativa com comportamentos de risco (consumo de álcool e tabaco, agressividade, tendências suicidas e vitimização por bullying), estresse, dominância social e uso de mídias sociais. A felicidade foi avaliada de forma unidirecional, apresentada como desfecho e também como fator preditor dos comportamentos associados. Conclusão: A felicidade está associada a diferentes domínios da vida do indivíduo, apresentando relação direta com comportamentos saudáveis.

Abstract The study aimed to investigate the factors associated with happiness in adolescence. Method: A literature review was performed in the Pubmed / MEDLINE database, with the descriptors: “Adolescent” AND “Happiness”. Articles that addressed the main factors associated with happiness in adolescence and research whose target audience ranged from 10 to 19 years old were included. Exclusion criteria were articles that did not address the proposed theme and studies with specific populations, such as special patients or risk groups. Results: After selection based on the established criteria, 25 articles were included at the end. Happiness was found to be positively associated with sociodemographic data (male gender, religion and high economic status), health behaviors (eating breakfast, eating fruits and vegetables and practicing physical activity), self-image and positive body perception, self-efficacy, positive school experiences and emotional intelligence. Happiness was negatively correlated with risky behaviors (alcohol and tobacco use, aggression, suicidal tendencies, and bullying victimization), stress, social dominance, and use of social media. Happiness was assessed unidirectionally, presented as an outcome and also as a predictor of associated behaviors. Conclusion: Happiness is associated with different domains of the individual's life, directly related to healthy behaviors.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a procura por serviços ou profissionais de saúde pelos adolescentes com determinantes individuais e com variáveis contextuais, modalidade de ensino da escola e Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social. Os dados foram coletados no período de março a junho de 2018, em escolas públicas estaduais de Olinda, Pernambuco, através de um questionário estruturado com questões do Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) e da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE). Dentre os 2.454 adolescentes, a proporção daqueles que procuram por um serviço de saúde foi maior: no sexo feminino; em adolescentes cujas as mães tivessem escolaridade mínima de nove anos; naqueles fisicamente ativos; e cujos responsáveis não recebiam Bolsa Família. Observou-se que as variáveis contextuais não influenciaram a procura por serviços de saúde entre os adolescentes. No terceiro modelo da análise multinível, que analisou as variáveis individuais, observou-se que apenas o sexo feminino (OR=1,80), ter mãe com escolaridade maior ou igual a nove anos de estudo (OR=1,30), não receber Bolsa Família (OR=1,23) e ser ativo fisicamente (OR=1,32) foram associados a uma maior procura por serviços ou profissionais de saúde.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the demand for health services or professionals by adolescents with individual determinants and contextual variables (school teaching modality and Social Vulnerability Index). Data were collected from March to June 2018, in state public schools in Olinda, Pernambuco, Brazil, through a structured questionnaire with questions from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and the National School Health Survey (PeNSE). Among the 2,454 adolescents, the proportion of those looking for a health service was higher among women; in adolescents whose mothers had a minimum of nine schooling years; in the physically active; and whose parents did not receive a family aid (Bolsa Família). We observed that the contextual variables did not influence the demand for health services among adolescents. In the third model of the multilevel analysis, which analyzed the individual variables, we observed that only females (OR=1,80), having a mother with schooling greater than or equal to 9 years of study (OR=1,30), not receiving Bolsa Família (OR=1,23), and physically active (OR=1,32) were associated with an increased demand for health services or professionals.

RESUMO Objetivo Diagnosticar a anquiloglossia em recém-nascidos, comparando dois instrumentos de avaliação do frênulo lingual. Método Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, realizado em Recife, PE, Brasil no ano de 2018, com 147 mães/recém-nascidos com idade de até 30 dias de vida. Foram utilizados o Instrumento Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (BTAT) e o Protocolo de Avaliação do Frênulo da Língua para Bebês (“Teste da Linguinha”). Dados sociodemográficos também foram anotados. Para a comparação entre os dois métodos de diagnóstico da anquiloglossia, foi utilizado o teste de McNemar e foram obtidos o valor da concordância de Kappa e o respectivo intervalo de confiança. Resultados A presença de anquiloglossia foi de 4,8%, quando diagnosticada por meio do BTAT, e de 17,0%, quando utilizado o “Teste da Linguinha”. Com relação ao sexo, 53,1% dos recém-nascidos eram do sexo masculino e 46,9% do sexo feminino; contudo, não houve associação entre a anquiloglossia e o sexo do recém-nascido nos dois métodos de avaliação. Conclusão O diagnóstico da anquiloglossia em recém-nascidos variou em função do instrumento de avaliação utilizado.

ABSTRACT Purpose To diagnose ankyloglossia in newborns and compare two lingual frenulum assessment instruments. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, in 2018, with 147 mothers/newborns aged up to 30 days. The Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool and the Lingual Frenulum Evaluation Protocol for Infants were the instruments used. Sociodemographic data were also recorded. The two ankyloglossia diagnostic methods were compared using the McNemar test, obtaining the kappa agreement value and the confidence interval. Results Ankyloglossia was present in 4.8% when diagnosed with the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool, and in 17.0% with the Tongue-Tie Test. Regarding sex, 53.1% of the newborns were males and 46.9% were females; however, there was no association between ankyloglossia and the newborn’s sex in either of the assessment methods. Conclusion The ankyloglossia diagnosis in newborns varied depending on the assessment instrument used.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a procura por serviços ou profissionais de saúde pelos adolescentes com determinantes individuais e com variáveis contextuais, modalidade de ensino da escola e Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social. Os dados foram coletados no período de março a junho de 2018, em escolas públicas estaduais de Olinda, Pernambuco, através de um questionário estruturado com questões do Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) e da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE). Dentre os 2.454 adolescentes, a proporção daqueles que procuram por um serviço de saúde foi maior: no sexo feminino; em adolescentes cujas as mães tivessem escolaridade mínima de nove anos; naqueles fisicamente ativos; e cujos responsáveis não recebiam Bolsa Família. Observou-se que as variáveis contextuais não influenciaram a procura por serviços de saúde entre os adolescentes. No terceiro modelo da análise multinível, que analisou as variáveis individuais, observou-se que apenas o sexo feminino (OR=1,80), ter mãe com escolaridade maior ou igual a nove anos de estudo (OR=1,30), não receber Bolsa Família (OR=1,23) e ser ativo fisicamente (OR=1,32) foram associados a uma maior procura por serviços ou profissionais de saúde.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the demand for health services or professionals by adolescents with individual determinants and contextual variables (school teaching modality and Social Vulnerability Index). Data were collected from March to June 2018, in state public schools in Olinda, Pernambuco, Brazil, through a structured questionnaire with questions from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and the National School Health Survey (PeNSE). Among the 2,454 adolescents, the proportion of those looking for a health service was higher among women; in adolescents whose mothers had a minimum of nine schooling years; in the physically active; and whose parents did not receive a family aid (Bolsa Família). We observed that the contextual variables did not influence the demand for health services among adolescents. In the third model of the multilevel analysis, which analyzed the individual variables, we observed that only females (OR=1,80), having a mother with schooling greater than or equal to 9 years of study (OR=1,30), not receiving Bolsa Família (OR=1,23), and physically active (OR=1,32) were associated with an increased demand for health services or professionals.

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize adolescent health care in a Family Health Unit in Olinda, Brazil. Material and Methods: The study carried out a census in a primary health unit, and results were obtained through the analysis of medical records from individuals aged 10-19 years. Data analysis was initially performed by descriptive statistics followed by association analysis using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test (p≤0.05). Results: Of all registered adolescents (n=895), 54% were female. However, only 36.9% (n=330) had a care record from 10 to 19 years. Regarding the frequency with which adolescents used the health service, 89.1% performed no more than three visits throughout the entire adolescence period. Almost all care provided to adolescents had curative nature (82.7%) in relation to the preventive nature (17.3%). Conclusion: The results pointed out that adolescents seek the Family Health Unit predominantly in search of curative care and that the number of consultations is reduced and far from recommendations from the Paced and Integrated Programming Guideline of the Ministry of Health, which establishes a minimum of one medical consultation and two nursing consultations per year for adolescents and young people in general.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of cigarette use among adolescents and to identify associated health risk behaviors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample, composed of 1059 adolescents between 13 and 19 years old, enrolled in primary and secondary public schools of Olinda, Pernambuco, in 2014. Information was obtained through self-administered questionnaires (validated version of YRBS 2007). Cigarette experimentation was defined as smoking at least once in life. Adolescents who smoked at least one day within 30 days prior to the survey were considered current smokers. Most students were female and 16 years old or older. RESULTS Almost 30% used it in life and about 10% smoked within the 30 days before the survey. Suicidal ideation (PR = 1.51, 95%CI 1.25–1.82), alcohol use (PR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.03–1.92), marijuana (PR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.37–1.96), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.15–2.16) and sexual experience (PR = 1.78, 95%CI 1.43–2.21) have increased the risk of using cigarettes. Feelings of sadness (PR = 1.70, 95%CI 1.22–2.36), alcohol use (PR=2.40, 95%CI 1.12–5.12), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.24–5.38), marijuana (PR = 2.31, 95%CI.57–3.39) and cocaine (PR = 1.99, 95%CI.32–3.01) increased the risk of cigarette use within the 30 days before the survey. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette use among adolescents from Olinda was high, being considered higher than the national prevalence. Possible factors associated with cigarette use were drug use (alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine) and behaviors related to sexual experience, feelings of sadness and suicidal ideation.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of cigarette use among adolescents and to identify associated health risk behaviors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample, composed of 1059 adolescents between 13 and 19 years old, enrolled in primary and secondary public schools of Olinda, Pernambuco, in 2014. Information was obtained through self-administered questionnaires (validated version of YRBS 2007). Cigarette experimentation was defined as smoking at least once in life. Adolescents who smoked at least one day within 30 days prior to the survey were considered current smokers. Most students were female and 16 years old or older. RESULTS Almost 30% used it in life and about 10% smoked within the 30 days before the survey. Suicidal ideation (PR = 1.51, 95%CI 1.25–1.82), alcohol use (PR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.03–1.92), marijuana (PR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.37–1.96), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.15–2.16) and sexual experience (PR = 1.78, 95%CI 1.43–2.21) have increased the risk of using cigarettes. Feelings of sadness (PR = 1.70, 95%CI 1.22–2.36), alcohol use (PR=2.40, 95%CI 1.12–5.12), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.24–5.38), marijuana (PR = 2.31, 95%CI.57–3.39) and cocaine (PR = 1.99, 95%CI.32–3.01) increased the risk of cigarette use within the 30 days before the survey. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette use among adolescents from Olinda was high, being considered higher than the national prevalence. Possible factors associated with cigarette use were drug use (alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine) and behaviors related to sexual experience, feelings of sadness and suicidal ideation.

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar as evidências científicas na literatura sobre a relação entre a anquiloglossia e as dificuldades no aleitamento materno. Métodos: tratou-se de uma revisão integrativa. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Medline e Pubmed, utilizando os descritores em associação: “anquiloglossia”, “recém-nascido” e “amamentação”, entre 2014 e 2019, em português, inglês e espanhol. Foram selecionados artigos originais que relacionassem a anquiloglossia aos problemas de amamentação. Resultados: trinta e um artigos foram analisados pelo texto lido na íntegra, dentre os quais 22 foram excluídos e 09 selecionados para a revisão. Houve uma diversidade de instrumentos utilizados para o diagnóstico da anquiloglossia. Em quatro estudos não foi utilizado nenhum instrumento de avaliação padronizado para o diagnóstico da anquiloglossia, o que pode limitar a análise dos resultados. No entanto, a maioria dos estudos evidenciou a possível interferência da anquiloglossia na amamentação. De acordo com as publicações, bebês com frênulo lingual alterado apresentaram maiores chances de apresentar dificuldades na sucção e desmame precoce, o que demonstra a importância da triagem neonatal como rotina nas maternidades para os casos de anquiloglossia. Conclusões: a anquiloglossia pode estar relacionada com prejuízos na amamentação e a padronização dos instrumentos para diagnóstico da anquiloglossia é necessária para melhorar as evidências nas futuras pesquisas.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate the scientific evidence, in the literature, of the relationship between ankyloglossia and breastfeeding difficulties. Methods: an integrative review of the literature. The MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched, using the following descriptors in combination: "ankyloglossia", "newborn" and "breastfeeding". The searches included articles published between 2014 and 2019, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Original articles demonstrating an association between ankyloglossia and breastfeeding issues were selected. Results: a total of 31 articles was fully read in the analysis, 22 of which were excluded and 9 included in the review. There was a diversity of instruments used for the diagnosis of ankyloglossia. In four studies, no standardized evaluation instrument was used for the diagnosis of ankyloglossia, which may limit the analysis of the results. However, most studies have evidenced a possible influence of ankyloglossia on breastfeeding. According to the studies, babies with altered lingual frenulum were more likely to experience difficulties in sucking, showing early weaning, which shows the importance of neonatal screening as a routine protocol in maternity hospitals for the cases of ankyloglossia. Conclusions: ankyloglossia may be related to impaired breastfeeding. The standardization of instruments for the diagnosis of ankyloglossia is necessary to improve the evidence in future research.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo analisa o conhecimento e a atuação sobre doença falciforme de cirurgiões-dentistas de Unidades de Saúde da Família no Recife/Pernambuco. Métodos: O estudo transversal foi conduzido em amostra representativa de profissionais utilizando-se questionário padronizado. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: Dos 132 cirurgiões-dentistas elegíveis, 124 (93,9%) foram entrevistados. A maioria era composta por mulheres (81,5%) com idade entre 28 e 39 anos (53,2%), com mais de 15 anos de formado (52,4%). Um percentual de 89,5% sabia a definição e as manifestações bucais (53,2%) da doença, apenas 17,7% conhecia o protocolo de atendimento odontológico. Verificou-se que 13,6% dos profissionais que conheciam o manejo do atendimento obtiveram esse conhecimento durante o curso de graduação. Quanto à atuação, 71,8% dos profissionais atenderia paciente com doença falciforme, no entanto, 67,7% dos profissionais nunca fizeram este acolhimento. A maioria se sente seguro para realizar procedimentos odontológicos (82%) e a principal dificuldade para o atendimento foi à falta de conhecimento sobre o assunto (57,1%). Conclusão: Este resultado sugere a necessidade da implementação de políticas públicas que objetivem reforçar a capacitação dos cirurgiões-dentistas que atuam na atenção básica, a fim de minimizar os riscos durante o atendimento odontológico desses pacientes.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study analyzes dental surgeons’ knowledge and clinical practice regarding sickle cell disease (SCD) at Family Health Units in Recife, northeastern Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of dentists using a standardized questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: Out of 132 eligible dental surgeons, 124 (93.9%) were interviewed. Most of them were women (81.5%), aged between 28 and 39 years (53.2%), with more than 15 years of experience (52.4%). A percentage of 89.5% knew the definition and oral manifestations (53.2%) of the disease, but only 17.7% knew the dental care protocol. It was verified that 13.6% of the dentists who knew how to conduct the treatment had acquired this knowledge during their undergraduate studies. Conclusion: Regarding clinical practice, 71.8% said they would treat patients with SCD; however, 67.7% had never done that. Most dentists felt confident of performing dental procedures (82%) and their major difficulty was their lack of knowledge about the disease (57.1%). The findings suggest the need for the implementation of public policies for improving the qualification of dental surgeons who work in primary healthcare, thus minimizing risks during the dental care of SCD patients.

Resumo Introdução Os adolescentes são particularmente suscetíveis aos efeitos das interações sociais negativas. Assim, o conhecimento das características comportamentais dos adolescentes alvos de bullying pode auxiliar no estabelecimento de ações voltadas à proteção das vítimas. Objetivo Descrever as formas de bullying e o modo como os adolescentes percebem essa violência, e os métodos adotados pela escola para combatê-la. Método Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 612 alunos de 10 a 19 anos de idade matriculados em escolas públicas. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário desenvolvido pela instituição inglesa Kidscape, à qual foram adicionados itens para a caracterização dos respondentes e suas percepções sobre a conduta dos administradores escolares diante do problema. A análise estatística envolveu uma distribuição de frequência e medidas de associação bivariada e multivariada (α=5%). Resultados A prevalência de bullying foi de 21,7%. Não foram encontradas associações significativas entre bullying e fatores sociodemográficos (p>0,05). Na maioria dos casos, o início das agressões começou entre seis e 11 anos de idade da vítima. A forma verbal foi a mais frequente (82,2%) e a sala de aula foi a localidade onde ocorreu a maior parte das agressões (60,2%). A instalação de câmeras de segurança foi a principal ação tomada pelos administradores escolares para combater o problema. Conclusão A prevalência de bullying na população estudada pode ser considerada alta e o abuso verbal é a forma mais frequente. As ações dos administradores escolares concentraram-se em reformas estruturais.

Abstract Background Adolescents are particularly susceptible to the effects of negative social interactions. Thus, knowledge on the behavioral characteristics of adolescents who are targets of bullying can assist with establishing actions directed to protection of the victims. Objective Describe the types of bullying practice and how adolescents perceive this violence, as well as the methods adopted by school to tackle it. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with 612 public school students aged 10-19 years. Data were collected through the application of a questionnaire developed by the UK-based Kidscape organization. Items were added to this questionnaire aiming to characterize the respondents and their perception regarding the conduct of school administrators in tackling the problem. Statistical analysis involved frequency description and measures of bivariate and multivariate association (α=5%). Results The prevalence of bullying was 21.7%. No significant associations were found between bullying and socio-demographic factors (p>0.05). In most cases, the onset of aggressions was at 6-11 years of age of the victim. Verbal aggression was the most frequently observed type of bullying (82.2%), and the classroom was the location where most aggressions occurred (60.2%). Installation of surveillance cameras was the main action taken by school administrators to tackle the problem. Conclusion Prevalence of bullying in the population studied may be considered high, and verbal aggression was the most frequent type of bullying. Actions of school administrators were concentrated on structural reforms.

O estudo teve por objetivo investigar quais são os principais fatores associados à iniciação sexual precoce em adolescentes. Realizou-se revisão da literatura na base de dados Pubmed, com os termos de busca: early sexual debut AND youth risk behavior survey. Foram incluídos artigos que abordassem os principais fatores associados à iniciação sexual precoce na adolescência e pesquisas cujo público alvo não estava exposto a outros tipos de vulnerabilidades como, por exemplo, profissionais do sexo e certas minorias populacionais. Os critérios de exclusão foram estudos que não realizaram análise estatística multivariada e artigos que não deixavam claro qual marco foi considerada como iniciação sexual precoce. De 123 artigos localizados inicialmente, vinte e um foram selecionados ao final, onde a idade considerada como iniciação sexual precoce variou entre 13 e 18 anos, porém a maioria dos estudos usou a média de 15 anos. Associação significante foi encontrada entre a iniciação sexual precoce e fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentos antissociais, relações interpessoais, uso de psicoativos e comportamentos sexuais de risco. Nenhum dos estudos encontrados foi de caráter longitudinal, o que nos impede estabelecer uma casualidade com os fatores aqui explanados.

The objective of this study was to investigate early sexual debut and associated factor in adolescents. Methods: A literature review was conducted in the Pubmed database, through the descriptors: early sexual debut AND youth risk behavior survey. The issues that address the main associated factors with the Early sexual debut in adolescence and research whose participants was not expose to other types of vulnerabilities, such as sex workers and population minorities. Exclusion criteria were studies that did not perform multivariate statistical analysis and articles that did not make clear which landmark was considered as early sexual initiation. Results: of 123 initially located articles, twenty-one were selected at the end, where the age considered as early sexual initiation varied between 13 and 18 years, but most studies used the mean of 15 years. Significant association was found between early sexual debut and sociodemographic factors, antisocial behaviors, interpersonal relationships, use of psychoactive and risky sexual behaviors. Conclusion: none of the studies found was of a longitudinal character, which prevents us from establishing a coincidence with the factors explained here.